Don't Believe Anyone Else's Fears

One of my favorite sections in Jenn Aubert's book Women Entrepreneur Revolution: Ready! Set! Launch!: 100+ Successful Women Entrepreneurs Share Their Best Tips on What Works, What Doesn't (and Why) ... a Business and Designing a Life You Love is the chapter titled Gems of Wisdom. It includes business advice from the over 100 female entrepreneurs Aubert interviewed for her book.

I especially enjoyed this gem from Michelle James the CEO of The Center for Creative Emergence:

Give yourself space, time, and attention to hear your inner source of guidance. Let it surprise you.  And don't believe anyone else's fears - the naysayers - it's a reflection of their fears. (Pg. 214)

I immediately thought of my brother and his never ending torrent of business ideas.  When he asks me to evaluate them I am almost always negative; he will lose his home, never find another day job and his family will end up living in a van by the river.   This quote helped me realize my objections are more about my fears and values - I value security - than his ideas.   

Shawne Duperon of Shawne TV provides an example of the advice I should be giving him:

Get cash flow handled.  BE sure to have at least 3 primary clients so you can generate and play in marketing. Don't borrow money for PR.  Cash flow is king and lowers fear so you can play.  (Pg. 218) 

Since I know he likes a good investment tip, this one is for you B:

At a recent seminar Bruce Johnstone, CFA was asked where he would invest $100,000 today:
He began by reminding the crowd interest rates will not remain as low as they are today, so first he would leverage his real estate.  Then he would use that money along with the $100k to invest in early stage venture capitalist projects such as purification of fracking water, developing insulation products and waste to energy products.  He would invest in all of these before solar and wind. 

There you have it younger brother, if you decide to go ahead with his plan don't ask my opinion because Johnstone lost me at the word leverage. 

Will You Have Enough Money To Retire?

In honor of Financial Literacy Month, I selected Helaine Olen’s book Pound Foolish: Exposing the Dark Side of the Personal Finance Industry for The Savvy Reader Book Club’s April/May selection. Today’s post is the first in a series of posts I will be writing based on the book.

In Pound Foolish, Helaine Olen writes:

Countless studies have been conducted about Americans and retirement post-2008, but they all say the same thing: we’re petrified and getting more scared by the day. “If we find a consensus about anything in America, this is it,” said pollster Bill McInturff, whose 2011 annual National Voter Survey found almost nine out of ten people worried they did not have enough money set aside. The folks who administer the United States’ corporate retirement plans feel similarly. When Deloitte and the International Society of Certified Employee Benefit Specialists surveyed plan sponsors, they found a mere 15 percent of those queried believed the employees their plans were supposed to be serving were saving enough money for their golden years. (Pgs. 75-76)

Why are we so scared?

The guaranteed pension is becoming extinct:

In the early 1980’s, 62 percent of workers had a pension plan, a guaranteed stipend paid by an employer to an employee when they retired; by 2007 the same number only had access to a 401(k) or similar employee-not employer-based savings plan, where one is expected to put their own money aside to pay for retirement.

Here are the problems with this new 401(k) retirement model:

No guaranteed stipends:
During retirement, my father-in-law had a pension and retirement health benefits in addition to his social security and Medicare benefits. He was content. He didn't travel or live extravagantly, but he did have enough money to give his grandchildren expensive gifts from time to time. When I think of my own retirement I know I won't have that luxury. The luxury of knowing exactly how much money I will have coming in every month. I don’t have a pension, just 401(k) savings and a few other after-tax investments. If a large unknown expense occurs or the market is hit with another huge correction my portfolio could be decimated leaving me without enough money to withdraw an adequate monthly stipend.

Is social security guaranteed?
I also think people, especially those who are under the age of 50, are worried the social security fund will run out of money and either the benefit won’t be available for them or it will be reduced.

We have to be our own investment manager:
I remember the first time I had to allocate my 401(k) contributions. I put 25% into each of the four funds offered. Later, I would put 100% into the fund that performed the best in the previous quarter. Currently, my financial planner selects the funds and provides the allocation for my 401(k) account.

Not all employees have a financial advisor:
In the past, my company’s 401(k) administrator would advise employees to direct their money into a target based fund when they were unsure how to allocate their contributions. After he learned these funds were not the panacea they were marketed to be he stopped giving advice altogether.  He is now interviewing 401(k) administration companies that offer financial planning services. My own financial planner recommends he proceed with caution. It has been his experience that these companies show up for an initial consultation then you never see them again, but your plan still pays the fees.

Retirement calculators don’t account for stock market corrections:
How much will your portfolio actually grow? Many financial planners, including my own, provide retirement worksheet projections indicating huge portfolio gains. My planner uses an earnings assumption of 8.42% and an inflation rate of 3%. Under closer examination I see the 8.42% is a blended rate ranging from cash and equivalents return of 4% to a special sector funds return of 12%.

When I left my last place of employment in 1998 my 401(k) account had a balance of $29,000. Fast forward 16 years and it now has a balance of 55,392.75. That isn't exactly an earnings rate of 12% (the standard rate used in most retirement calculators) or even 9.75% (the average annual return for the S&P from 1927 to 2011). I calculate the return to be less than 5%.  In case you are curious it is currently invested in Thornburg Limited Term Income Class C and Washington Mutual Investors Fund. When I complained to my financial planner about my measly return he reminds me this is just one piece of my entire portfolio which is diversified in totality.

No access to 401(k) plans:
As the popularity of contract workers continues to grow, I am concerned in future years retirees will have even less money saved for their retirement.

Will I have enough money to retire?
As I told my financial planner, I can't afford another major market correction. If my portfolio can achieve an 8.42% return and if I don't incur an unexpected hardship I should have enough money, if things don't go as planned...I have no idea what I will do.

What about you, will you have enough money to retire?

 *Part of Financially Savvy Saturdays on Femme Frugality and Debt Debs*

Things New Grads Should (But Never Do) Think About Come First-Time Employment

The newly graduated 20-somethings in the world today face a lot of struggles in the personal and professional realms. Of course, college grads have a long history of struggling with the transition from college dorm rooms and heated academic lectures to office politics and frenzied company meetings. While our college careers certainly prepare us for some aspects of adult life and self-preservation, there are some areas of becoming a true adult that college, term papers, and frat parties just can't teach us. With the added challenges facing college grads in today's society, most 20-somethings are simply thrilled to be employed at all. But, even after all the resume sending, cover letter writing, and eventual employment, there are still many aspects of becoming employed for the first time that newbie graduates need to consider. These three things are employment musts that many first-time employees overlook and underestimate.

The Retirement Plan

I know, I know. How can you possibly start to think about retirement, if you only just found a job after months of searching? Trust me—I shared your sentiments as well. But, as far away and dull as it sounds, retirement plans are a very important aspect of becoming a responsible, employed adult. Look into your company's retirement offerings. You want to begin thinking about the future right away. By starting to think about and plan out your retirement now, you can set yourself up for a very comfortable future. At the very least, when you start your first "real world" job out of college, look into the retirement options you have. What types of plans does your company offer? What options might make the most sense for your situation? By simply becoming better educated on the topics of retirement and IRA accounts, you can more responsibly plan for your future and manage your finances.

Actual Financial Planning
While retirement falls in place with financial planning, there is much more to the topic than just thinking about starting a retirement plan. For many newly employed college grads, "saving" is not necessarily at the top of our to-do list. This is the first time that you're making "real" money for yourself and have only yourself (and your college loans) to spend it on. With this freedom comes a lot of reckless or at least thoughtless spending. You want to celebrate the fact that you've actually graduated from college, landed a job, and survived. Spending is easy to do and it seems logical in the first few months. However (and this is a big however), it's a very wise idea to look into your financial situation very carefully after you get your first paycheck. Sit down and look through things. See exactly how much money you earn, learn where that money is going (loans, rent, groceries, gas, etc.), and try to create a financial plan. Divvy up your finances and try to make a plan as to where things will go. How much will you spend on necessities (rent, gas, food), how much goes to "fun", and how much will you put towards savings?

Professional* Networking

One of the most challenging aspects of entering the professional world is learning how to navigate the social world of an office. This is by far one of the things I struggled with most in the first few months of my first "real" job. The bottom line is that communication and friendships just can't be the same when you're in a professional office atmosphere. Though you may be surrounded by people your age day in and day out (much like college), you can't treat these colleagues the same way you would college dorm mates. Of course, you're going to make friends and build relationships with your coworkers after a period of time. It's good to be friends with your coworkers, but you want to be careful with your interactions. The professional world is different from any other realm. You need to keep things professional. Watch the way you talk about certain aspects of your work like. Try to compartmentalize to some degree. If you become close friends with a coworker, remain solely coworkers in the office and solely friends inside the office.

An education blogger by trade, Maria Rainer loves to explore the connections between the web and a college education. She writes for www.onlinedegrees.org on online student advice columns and substantive posts on the latest trends in online education. Please share your comments with Maria.

How to save for retirement when you don’t make a lot of money?

Ever since I read the book Shortchanged: Why Women Have Less Wealth and What Can Be Done About It by Mariko Chang, I have been more cognizant of how difficult it is for low-wage earners to save money for retirement. When I heard about the Tax Savers Credit at a seminar this week I took notice.

What is the Tax Savers Credit?
The tax savers credit was designed to help low and moderate income workers save for retirement. Unlike a tax deduction, a tax credit reduces the tax you owe dollar for dollar. This credit is available to anyone who meets the income limitations and made contributions to qualified retirement plans including 401K, traditional or Roth IRAs, 457s, 501c, SEP and SIMPLE. The credit can be taken even if you don't make a contribution for the previous year until April 15 of the current year.

The tax savers credit provides a credit of between 10% and 50% of the amount contributed to an eligible plan up to $2,000. For someone filing as a single taxpayer who meets the income requirements would receive a maximum credit of $1,000 on contributions of $2,000. Taxpayers filing jointly would receive a maximum credit of $2,000 on contributions of $4,000.

The credit does not affect your eligibility to exclude your savings from your income, and does not impact your earned income credit or your child care tax credit.

The credit is non-refundable. It will reduce the taxes you owe, but will not help you generate a tax refund. For example, if you are eligible for a $1,000 credit, but owe taxes of $800 the tax savers credit will reduce your tax liability to zero, but will not provide you with a $200 refund.

The adjusted gross income limits to claim the savers credit in 2012 are as follows:

• For Married couples filing jointly : Maximum adjusted gross income (AGI) –$57,500
• For Heads of Household : Maximum adjusted gross income (AGI) – $43,125
• For Married individuals filing separately and $28,750 in 2012.

If you would like to see a table that provides the percentage of credit allowed by income for 2011, please see this article. I can't locate a similar table for 2012.

Adjusted gross income is your taxable income after you have subtracted personal exemptions and itemized deductions.

Other rules that apply to the saver’s credit:

• Taxpayers must be at least 18 years of age.
• Anyone claimed as a dependent on someone else’s return cannot take the credit.
• A student cannot take the credit. A person enrolled as a full-time student during any part of 5 calendar months during the year is considered a student

In the Los Angeles Times article Retirement Saver's credit could significantly reduce tax bill Kathy M. Kristof wrote:

"Hardly any of the people who qualify for the credit are aware of it," said Catherine Collinson, president of the Transamerica Center for Retirement Research. Collinson's organization surveyed thousands of individuals and found that only 12% of the respondents who earned less than $50,000 — those most likely to qualify for the credit — had heard of it. And just 17% of those who were aware of the credit had claimed it.

I am a CPA (working in industry not tax) and only became aware of this credit, which has been around since 2002, last week. If I hadn't heard of the credit, how are those who are not as financially savvy supposed to be aware of it. Let’s get the word out:

Have you checked to see if you are eligible for the TAX SAVERS CREDIT?

If you enjoyed this post you may also like:

Gender Wealth Gap is the Greater Problem

Be informed about Social Security

Gayle Tzemach Lemmon: Women entrepreneurs, example not exception

Thanks to Trent Hamm from The Simple Dollar for including this remarkable video in his post Ten Pieces of Inspiration.

I have worked in finance and accounting for 25 years, so I must say I was disappointed I had not heard of  microfinance loans prior to viewing this video. According to Kiva:

Microfinance is a general term to describe financial services to low-income individuals or to those who do not have access to typical banking services.

Microfinance is also the idea that low-income individuals are capable of lifting themselves out of poverty if given access to financial services. While some studies indicate that microfinance can play a role in the battle against poverty, it is also recognized that is not always the appropriate method, and that it should never be seen as the only tool for ending poverty.

Ah they are loans for low-income individuals. No wonder I had never heard of them. Gayle points out when people see the word “microfinance” women must often come to mine.  If you see the word “entrepreneur” most people think men. 

Another example of women entrepreneurs supporting the family can be found in Barbara Demick's book Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea.  During North Korea's famine in the 1990's, it was the women who supported the families. They foraged the countryside searching for ways to engage in (illegal) small business: trade, subsistence farming, and selling handicrafts. The men were required to continue to reporting to their official place of work despite the fact that the factories were no longer functioning or providing food vouchers. One of the women mentioned in the book perfected an inexpensive cookie which she sold each at an outdoor market. These markets were illegal, but without them the people would have starved.

It is time for all of us to think bigger

Gayle Tzemach Lemmon

A personal finance book for women

I recently was asked to recommend a list of personal finance books for women. I had a couple of titles in mind, but decided to ask my local librarian for additional suggestions. She recommended Susan L. Hirshman's Does This Make My Assets Look Fat?: A Woman's Guide to Finding Financial Empowerment and Success. Recalling that Citizen Reader liked this book, I decided to check it out.


Susan L. Hirshman, a wealth strategist and CPA has written a book using dieting strategies as a metaphor for successful money management.

What I liked:
I liked Hirshman’s evaluation phase. Normally, I skip over the personal evaluation sections in money management books, but this one was easy to follow and worth doing. Hirshman stresses the importance of knowing what you have, what you can expect to save and what it is that you want to have. She recommends doing this analysis every five years (every three if you are near or in retirement). I also liked that she indicates items like cars and furniture are not assets.

The book is current, published in 2010 it covers the 2008 recession and the housing market collapse. Hirshman points out that a house is a place to live not an investment.

Hirshman does an excellent job explaining risk and the difference between diversification and asset allocation.

A portfolio that is diversified does not necessarily mean that it is well allocated, because you may have lots of different investments but allocation or the balance between the asset classes is not optimum. (Pg. 88)

She recommends rebalancing your investments on a yearly basis.

The book explains the different types of investments; stocks, bonds, ETF’s, and annuities. It includes a section on insurance and why we may need various insurance products. I liked that Hirshman gave the drawbacks and criticisms of investments (e.g. variable annuities) before giving her opinion.

What I didn’t like:
I thought the diet analogies weren’t necessary and at times out of place and down right annoying. I understand the need for a personal finance book for women; women earn less, take more time off from work and live longer etc, but are separate books really necessary to explain basic financial concepts?

Hirshman recommends rolling your 401(k) from a previous employer into your new employer’s 401(k) plan. Granted rolling this account into any plan is preferable to cashing it out, Hirshman should have told the reader many 401(k) plans have high fees and are limited in their investment options. Opening an individual IRA may be a better option.

Overall the book is a comprehensive introduction to personal finance. I would have recommended it as a book to purchase for future reference, but despite including a glossary of terms there isn't an index. As I wrote this review I wanted to go back and re-read a couple of items and was frustrated by the lack of an index.

As to my list of personal finance books for women, to date I have only two other titles:
Suse Orman’s Women and Money: Owning the Power to Control Your Destiny

Vicki Robin's Your Money or Your Life: Transforming Your Relationship with Money and Achieving Financial Independence (Not written specifically for women, but an important read)

Do you have a favorite personal finance book I should recommend?

How do I know my 401(k) assets are safe from my company?

Here are some of the questions I have received over the years from employees concerned about their 401(k) assets:

Are my 401(k) assets safe from my company? Can my company withdraw monies from my account to pay company debts? Can they use my 401(k) account as collateral for a loan? What if my company goes bankrupt? Can my assets be seized along with the company’s? How can I be sure my company is forwarding my money to the mutual fund company on a timely basis or at all?

I usually answer by explaining that a 401(k) account is a separate entity from the company. This account is heavily regulated and can not be accessed by the company. I also tell them our 401(k) account is audited each year and as a part of this audit we must prove employee assets were transferred within Department of Labor guidelines. Currently our payroll company transfers employee deductions directly to our plan’s 3rd party administer shortly after our payroll has been run.

There was an informative article in today’s Milwaukee Journal that answers most of these questions: How safe is your 401(k)? by 401(k) adviser Michael J. Francis.

Francis explains Congress passed the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, known as ERISA, to safeguard qualified retirement plan assets in 1974. This act was a result of the demise of the Studebaker Motor Co. and the questionable business dealings of Jimmy Hoffa Sr. If you don’t know the story I highly recommend you read the article.

Francis informs us of ERISA's protections:

ERISA requires when your 401(k) contribution is withdrawn from your paycheck that the funds be deposited in a trust account, separate from your employer's assets and separate from any financial institution's assets.

This requirement protects you in the event your employer, or the financial institution that holds your retirement assets, runs into financial trouble.

This rule also protects 401(k) savings if you find yourself in the unfortunate circumstance of filing personal bankruptcy. This risk has always been an issue for business owners and professionals subject to malpractice lawsuits, but more people are benefiting from this protection in today's difficult real estate market.

There are two creditors, however, that even ERISA cannot protect you from: the IRS and a former spouse. The law states that if you owe either of these parties money, they can collect by a forced liquidation of your 401(k) account.

For a more informative answer to the basic responsibilities regarding timely 401(k) deposits I turned to the United States Department of Labor:

The deductions from employees’ paychecks for contribution to the plan must be deposited with the plan as soon as reasonably possible, but no later than the 15th business day of the month following the payday. If you can reasonably make the deposits in a shorter time frame, you need to make the deposits at that time.

For plans with fewer than 100 participants, salary reduction contributions deposited with the plan no later than the 7th business day following withholding by the employer will be considered contributed in compliance with the law.

On the US DOL website I also discovered What you should know about your 401(k) plan a comprehensive publication covering everything you should know about your 401(k) plan. To protect yourself the DOL recommends you should review regularly:

• Make sure you have received the plan’s Summary Plan Description and read it for information on how your plan works. Read other documents you receive from your plan to make sure that you keep up with any plan changes, and check that the information on your benefit statement is accurate.
• If you are in a defined contribution plan, ask for information on the investment choices available in the plan, and find out when and how you can change your plan account investments. 
• If you suspect errors in your plan information, contact your plan administrator or the human resources department.  
• If there have been changes in your personal information, such as marriage, divorce or change of address, contact your plan administrator or the human resources department.
• Keep your plan documents in a safe place in case questions arise in the future.

Here are Ten Warning Signs your 401(k)Contributions are Being Misused:

• Your 401(k) or individual account statement is consistently late or comes at irregular intervals
• Your account balance does not appear to be accurate
• Your employer failed to transmit your contribution to the plan on a timely basis
• A significant drop in account balance that cannot be explained by normal market ups and downs
• 401(k) or individual account statement shows your contribution from your paycheck was not made
• Investments listed on your statement are not what you authorized
• Former employees are having trouble getting their benefits paid on time or in the correct amounts
• Unusual transactions, such as a loan to the employer, a corporate officer, or one of the plan trustees
• Frequent and unexplained changes in investment managers or consultants
• Your employer has recently experienced severe financial difficulty

 If you suspect a problem the DOL recommends:
Starting with your employer and/or plan administrator. If you find an error or have a question, in most cases, you can start by looking for information in your Summary Plan Description. In addition, you can contact your employer and/or the plan administrator and ask them to explain what has happened and/or make a correction.
 
If that does not resolve the problem:
Contact the Department of Labor’s EBSA for questions about ERISA, help in obtaining a benefit, or:

• If you believe your claim to benefits has been unjustly denied or that your benefit was calculated incorrectly;
• If you have information that plan assets are being mismanaged or misused;
• If you think the plan fiduciaries are acting improperly; or
• If you think your employer has been late in depositing your contributions

Should I pay off my mortgage with 401(k) monies?

Jack a co-worker asks:

I turn 59 1/2 this month and plan on retiring when I’m 62. You’ve told me in the past I can access my 401(k) monies without incurring an IRS penalty at age 59 1/2. I would like to withdraw my money now and use it to pay off my mortgage. I want to be 100% debt free; I hate paying interest plus, I’ve always heard you should be mortgage free when you retire. Once retired, I plan on deeding my home to my children, so it doesn’t go to the nursing home. Is this a good plan?

You are correct at age 59 1/2 our 401(k) plan does allow employees to access their monies without incurring an IRS penalty.

Is it a good idea?
It is if you plan on rolling your money into another qualified IRA. Our company’s 401(k) plan offers a limited selection of investment choices plus, our plan fees are excessive. Please see my post 401(k) fees rant. I recommend you consult with an independent fee-only financial planner for advice on setting up a self-directed IRA consisting of low-cost investments.

If you choose not roll your money into another qualified IRA, and use this money to pay off your mortgage any money you withdraw will be added to your 2010 income for tax purposes. This will push you into a higher tax bracket resulting in a hefty Federal and State tax bill. Also, you will lose any future interest payment tax deductions. If you really want to use this money to pay off your mortgage I’d wait until after you are retired and no longer collecting a paycheck. Instead, make extra payments against your mortgage now while you are still working. You'll also still benefit from tax deductions on the mortgage interest you pay.

Longevity risk is the biggest financial risk facing retirees today.
If you use your 401(k) monies to pay off your mortgage are you sure you will have enough other monies (savings, social security, pensions, etc.) to sustain your lifestyle for your entire retirement? Paying less interest is a good thing, but not if you can put your money to a more productive use. You tell me your fixed interest expense is 5.4%. Look at the relative rate of return on your 401(k) vs. your interest rate especially now when the stock market is on the upswing. I’d hate to see you miss out on this up tick.

Once you are retired and are sure you have enough money to sustain your retirement, go ahead and use your 401(k) savings to pay off your mortgage. I've heard Clark Howard recommend callers pay off their mortgage even if the numbers don’t make complete sense.  He says it is best for risk adverse investors like you Jack to own their home free and clear than lose sleep worrying about future market losses.

As to deeding your home to your children, check with a lawyer; legislation has been passed closing this loophole. There is now a “penalty period” (a period of disqualification from Medicaid). Simply defined if you transfer your home to your children, you will be disqualified from receiving Medicare benefits when needed until the penalty period has been met.

Jacquelyn Mitchard, a smart accomplished author, loses everything to Ponzi scheme. How can this happen?

Jacquelyn Mitchard, the Wisconsin author best known for her novel The Deep End of the Ocean (Oprah's first book club pick), is the victim of a Ponzi scheme.

In Parade Mitchard writes:

Four years earlier, we’d invested with two Minneapolis 'investment specialists' who did currency arbitrage and other, less risky investments. (My husband) had discovered them on a local radio show. I had my doubts—one of them wore a toupee you could see from Saturn. But I couldn't argue with what their portfolio seemed to say. Now, suddenly, our money had vanished.

The question everyone is asking is, “How can this happen? Jacquelyn Mitchard is a smart accomplished author. How could she be duped into losing everything?

Mitchard was not alone:
The international Ponzi scheme masterminded by Trevor Cook, a Minneapolis trader bilked over 1,000 investors out of millions of dollars. His business partner Pat Kiley was a nationally syndicated radio host, whose show was carried on more than 200 radio stations nationwide, including the Worldwide Christian Radio network. He told his listeners he was a Christian. The pair duped victims into making allegedly safe, high-yield foreign currency investments that turned out to be neither. Instead the money was used instead to pay off gambling debts, underwrite a lavish lifestyle, and purchase a mansion.

Why would so many people turn over their life savings to these scam artists? What can investors do to protect themselves from these schemes?”

Kiley’s radio show and claim of being a Christian gave investors a feeling of confidence and legitimacy. I chose my own financial planner from a radio program that airs here in Milwaukee.

We must perform our due diligence. Steer clear of tips from your neighbor, going in with someone you know and guaranteed rates of return.

Clark Howard, whose show I listen to regularly, recommends hiring a fee only financial planner:

In general, people don’t know what to buy and how to invest. They end up hiring commissioned salespeople, who sometimes don’t do what’s best for you. Some stockbrokers are not ‘fiduciaries,” which means they must do what’s right for you financially. So, they can recommend stocks just because it will make them money. There are also very honest, above board brokers who will do the best they can for you. It’s just hard to tell. Clark recommends that you pay for advice if you’re having questions. You don’t have to hire the person to actually invest for you. But just giving advice can help you make your own decisions. Clark likes people to interview 5 people about investments. Ask them how long they’ve been in the business. Check out financial planners at napfa.org. You will find fee-only financial planners there.

Contact the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) hotline at (800) 289-9999 for more information about firms and their registered representatives

If your brokerage firm is legitimate your money will be held by an outside holding company, not with your brokerage firm. These outside firms audit your brokerage firm and provide your account statements. The victims of the Cook/Kiley Ponzi scheme received their monthly statements directly from the firm. Each month these statements showed a modest gain; all of them were fraudulent. (My brokerage firm uses Pershing.)

Invest in what you know, diversify and get a second opinion:
What is a foreign currency exchange? I googled “Vantage Foreign Currency Exchange” (supposedly this is the investment the victims were sold) nothing came up. Don’t put your entire life savings in an investment you can’t find on Google. If you are skeptical of an investment get a second opinion.

The less you know about investing the more you need to diversify.
Warren Buffett

For another take on this topic read Grace's Financial Failure can happen to Anyone.

Target Date Funds are not a "Magic Bullet"

My boss, the administrator of our company’s 401(k) plan, fearing fiduciary liability refuses to give our employees investment advice. Instead, he steers them towards our plan's target date funds. Much to his surprise, he recently discovered these funds are not the panacea they appeared to be.

A target date fund is simply a mutual fund with an asset allocation construed with a particular retirement date in mind. If you think you will retire in 10 years, you would pick a 2020 target date fund, with 2020 being roughly the year you plan to retire. It is the fund managers responsibility to reallocate your account from stocks to bonds automatically as your retirement date approaches, becoming progressively more conservative. These funds typically hold a mix of stocks, bonds and cash and will often include an allocation to foreign equities as well.

The latest economic downturn has revealed these funds are not a “magic bullet;” the reality is most of them are badly flawed and inappropriately allocated.

The problems include:
1. The asset allocation strategies and “glide path” vary dramatically among these funds.
No two target date funds invest the same way for the same retirement date. In fact, that's a major problem with them - take any two 2010 target-date funds and you may find one is 15% in stocks and the other is 60% in stocks. That makes a world of difference for someone retiring in 2010.

According to Tom Idzorek, chief investment officer and director of research at Ibbotson Associates, a Morningstar subsidiary, target-date funds differ dramatically in asset mix and in "glide path" — the rate at which the asset mix changes over time. "Participants who rely on date alone to choose a fund can have much more exposure to market volatility than they realize. Indeed, the percentage of equities in 2010 target-date funds ranges from 14% to 65%.

A target-date index created by Dow Jones determined a firm's asset class allocation for 2010 target-date funds should be around 27 percent in equities.

Performance statistics found in Morningstar indicate:
-2010
-The 2008 performance of target date funds ranged from -3.6% to -41.8%
-The 2008 average return -24.3%

-2020
-The 2008 performance of target date funds ranged from -31.1% to -41.8%
-The 2008 average return -37.9%

-The 2008 S&P 500 Index was -37.3%.

2. Many target date funds are stocked with mediocre funds:
Virtually all of these funds are made up of stock and bond funds within the same sponsoring fund family. Fund companies don't have a broad enough lineup of good funds to offer solid target funds so instead they use their lower rated funds that aren’t selling on their own knowing the typical target fund investor won’t probe deeper.

3. Higher fees:
Fees are higher because you are investing in target date funds that own other funds. Not only do you incur the fees of the target-date fund itself, but also the asset-weighted average of the management fees of the underlying funds.

4. One Size Doesn't Fit All:
The premise behind target date funds is that investors are supposed to place all their retirement savings into a single target date fund because one target date fund owns many other funds mixed together to form a specific asset allocation. They are not designed to be used in conjunction with other outside funds. They do not take into consideration a spouse’s 401(k), any other investments, risk tolerance or the actual date you plan on withdrawing your money which may differ from your retirement date.

When asked about my company 401k’s target fund, my financial planner immediately pointed out the above and insisted he could allocate my money more appropriately.

Investors have flocked to these funds ever since they began popping up in 401(k) plans. 40 % of defined contribution plans have target based funds and they are the most common default investment. The demand for target date funds stems from a lack of consumer investment knowledge. The typical consumer is increasingly responsible for funding his or her own retirement and is in dire need of guidance.

“Employees are most confused about how to allocate their investments.”
-401(k) Benchmarking Survey

What is a 401(k) plan sponsor to do?
Education that includes individual meetings and personalized communications are now cited as the most effective strategy for plan success. But beware, such specialized communication usually comes with a fee and one thing our 401(k) plans do not need is another fee.

The bottom line when investing your money; you can’t get away from being responsible for your own retirement. The best advice I can give is if your company provides individual education take advantage of it. It they don't, do the best you can to get your own advice. Visit a fee-only financial planner. Many offer a free consultation. Clark Howard recommends you go to napfa.org to find a fee-only financial planner in your area. He suggests you interview three planners so you are comfortable with their way of investing. Also, get referrals from family and friends.

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401(k) fees rant

What does fiduciary mean?

A one word explanation

DH posed the following question to our financial planner?

If you could explain what has happened to the economic and financial markets over the past 6 months in one word, what would that word be?

His answer:

Recalibration

Definition from Dictionary.com:

Main Entry: recalibrate
Part of Speech: v
Definition: to correct a measuring process by checking or adjusting again in comparison with a standard
Example: The archaeologist recalibrated radiocarbon dates to adjust them to calendar years, using results gained from dendrochronology

Note: He did not choose the word "crisis", even though what occurred is, or at least was, a crisis. He feels the media overuse the word; calling everything a crisis, so he avoids using it.

Consequences of Roth IRA Early Withdrawal

Dan asks:
My daughter, Lynn invested $2,000 (a gift from me) into a Roth IRA account in 2003. She now wants to use this money to purchase a car. What are the consequences of an early withdrawal?

Lynn was able to use your gift to open a Roth IRA because she also had $2,000 of her own earned income during 2003. Roth IRA contributions are made with after- tax dollars; once these monies are invested, earnings accumulate tax-free. If she keeps the money in her account until age 59½, she will then be able to withdraw money without incurring taxes or paying a penalty. If she withdraws money now, she can only withdraw money up to her original contribution tax and penalty free. She will owe income tax plus a 10% penalty on any withdrawal of account earnings. These earnings will be taxed at her marginal tax rate. The good news is with the recent market downturn she probably his little if any earnings in her account at this time.

Are there any possible scenarios in which Lynn could withdraw all her money, including earnings, without incurring a penalty?

Yes, Qualified Distributions are made both tax and penalty free. To be considered a qualified distribution, a Roth IRA distribution cannot be made before the end of the five-tax-year period beginning with the first tax year for which the individual (or the individual's spouse) made a contribution to the Roth IRA. This means even if you are age 59½ you must have held the money in the IRA at least five years for the withdrawal to be considered qualified.

In addition to the five-year holding period, there are several exceptions to the 10% federal early withdrawal penalty that generally applies to taxable IRA distributions taken prior to age 59½. These penalty exceptions generally apply to distributions taken for one of the following reasons:

· death of the IRA holder
· qualifying disability of the IRA holder
· certain medical expenses exceeding 7.5 percent of adjusted gross income
· health insurance if an individual has been receiving unemployment compensation for more than 12 weeks
· qualified higher education expenses
· qualified first-time homebuyer expenses
· conversion of Traditional IRA assets to a Roth IRA

Thus, if Lynn were to withdraw money to purchase her first home, her distribution could be considered a qualified distribution.

Also note Roth IRAs are different than Traditional IRAs in that they do not require minimum distributions. That is because Traditional IRA contributions are made with before-tax dollars. The IRS wants its money at some point, so they require you to start taking distributions by age 70 ½. There are no such requirements for Roth IRAs. You can keep the money in there until you die if you wish.

401(k) Fees Rant

In addition to my recent angst regarding stock market volatility, I have just discovered one of the reasons why my 401(k) fund returns were always lower than I anticipated. My company has our plan pay for expenses such as our plan audit, which can run as high as $8,000 annually, plus the cost to transfer employee payroll files to the plan each pay period. Our payroll service provider tells me it is common for companies to have their 401(k) plans pay for these types of expenses.

What is included in 401(k) plan administration fees:
According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the day-to-day operation of a 401(k) plan involves expenses for basic administrative services -- such as plan record keeping, accounting, legal and trustee services -- that are necessary for administering the plan as a whole.

As an employee whose benefit package includes fewer benefits each year, I was upset that my company would require our 401(k) plan to pay for expenses such as the ones I mentioned above. Aren’t these expenses a tax-deductible cost of doing business? Can’t companies pay for anything anymore? My lousy benefit package and measly company match, 50% of the first 2% of salary deferment, suddenly seems even worse.

High 401(k) plan fees is not news to me:
I have read in the past, over time 401(k) plans may earn a lower rate of return than other types of investments due to high fees. A good fund should have a total expense ratio of 1% or less. My 401(k)'s funds typically earned lower rates of return than the funds in my IRA. I did try to determine the expense ratio for each fund, but was unable to find any mention of expense ratios in the fund literature provided by our 401(k) provider. I now realize these fees are usually hidden.

In the Kiplinger article, “The High Cost of 401(k) Fees: How Much Are You Paying,” Mary Beth Franklin writes:
Mutual fund returns in 401(k) plans are normally reported as net returns, meaning that fees for managing your investments are subtracted from your gains or added to your losses before calculating the annual return. Other costs, such as administrative and record-keeping fees, are often divvied up among plan participants but are not explicitly listed on individual investment statements.

You can read Mary Beth Franklin’s informative article in its entirety here.

Top Salesman maxes out his 401(k) Plan

Our company’s top salesman, also known for his financially savvy, has requested our payroll department max out his 401(k) plan when issuing his commission check on Monday. He is under age 49, so he can contribute up to $15,500 for 2008. This check will include the majority of commissions he has earned this year; allowing him to take advantage of the plan's tax deferral in addition to the down market.

I cannot help but be comforted by his actions. This request comes at a time when I have been trying hard not to panic or do anything rash with my own 401(k). Over the past two weeks, many of my co-workers have stopped contributing to the plan altogether. In a year when this salesman is struggling to maintain his #1 position for the first time in 22 years, he has enough confidence and risk tolerance to pump a large chunk of his paycheck into the market. As he made his request, he said, “With twenty years remaining until retirement I would be crazy to stop contributing now; if the market were to completely collapse, which it won’t, the economy would be in such disarray stopping now wouldn’t make a difference in the long run anyway.”

"Enough Said"

Our Experience with a Financial Advisor

Why a financial advisor?
We decided to seek the services of a financial adviser after our 401(k) accounts, still with our previous employer, had lost 35% of their account value during the last recession. Neither of us had the time or the inclination to do our own research. We wanted someone to advise us on investing these monies, then monitor our accounts and alert us when it is time to buy, sell or rebalance our funds.

How we found him?
We selected an independent agency who had been hosting a money show on a prominent local radio station. We were intrigued by the firm's goal to provide objective, unbiased investment advice. Plus, they offered a free consultation with one of their independent brokers. An independent broker researches the whole market to find the most suitable products for your situation. A non-independent broker sells only the products provided by his/her employer, usually a bank or insurer. Many of these products are sold with big commissions and have high expense ratios.

What we learned?
The broker assigned to us compiled our most recent 401(k) statements into a spreadsheet providing us with an overview of our portfolio. To our surprise, we were not nearly as diversified as we had thought. Even though, we owned many different funds, the majority of our money was not only invested in high growth stocks, but almost entirely invested in the information sector. He recommended that we roll our 401(k)'s into IRA's keeping them with the Putnam family of funds to save money on fees. We could further diversify by rolling money into additional Putnam funds not accessible through our 401(k) plans. He explained his fee structure; we would be charged 1% on the total balance of our portfolio. He also asked several questions to determine our risk tolerance and explained his insistence on at least annual client reviews.

What happened next?
We decided to go with his services, and rolled our money into Putnam IRA accounts through his firm. We could have taken his free advice and rolled our 401(k) money into Putnam accounts on our own, but we still wanted the comfort of knowing someone with more knowledge than us would be keeping an eye on our money. This ended up being a wise decision.

Were there follow up recommendations?
After a year or so he called us; we needed to move all our money out of Putnam where a scandal was brewing. Six of Putnam’s investment professionals were under investigation for illegal trading. The outlook for keeping our money with Putnam was not good. He also suggested perhaps we should think about opening Roth accounts. We took all of his advice. Moved our money out of Putnam, reduced our current 401(k) contributions (investing just enough to still take advantage of the company match), and placed the extra money into Roth IRA accounts.

What about 2008?
I recently called to have our monthly Roth contributions increased to take advantage of the new 2008 maximum contribution limits:
$5000 for those under 50
$6000 for those over

He took this as an opportunity to insist on another client account review. January of 2008 had the worst stock performance start since 1978. As soon as the market stabilizes, possibly by summer, we need to begin rebalancing our funds and scaling down our investment in stocks by 3 to 5 percent each year. He will call us when it is time to do this.

What are our overall thoughts?
We could invest our own money and save the 1% fee; many financial experts recommend doing so using only index funds. There are also plenty of reputable web sights (Clark Howard's for example) that recommend low cost quality funds for your Roth IRA. I still like a little hand holding and feel we receive value from our independent, unbiased adviser. He keeps us on track; preventing panic sales during down times and alerting us when it is time to sell, keeps us diversified and on track to achieve our long term goals.

Take advantage of 401(k) match

The lifetime pension (a retired employee receives a set amount of money every month for the rest of his or her life) is no longer a benefit for the majority of American workers. Of the five organizations I have worked for since 1985, not one of them offered a company lifetime pension plan. Four out of the five did offer a company sponsored 401(k) plan. Most of the plans included a 401(k) match in which the company matched a portion of my contribution.

It continues to amaze me how many employees do not contribute at all or enough to take full advantage of the 401(k) match. People, this is leaving free money on the table.

Last week, I asked a co-worker, who was complaining about his lack of retirement savings, if he contributed to our 401(k) plan. He did not; our company matches half of our contributions up to a measly 2 percent. He is so angry about such a small match he refuses to contribute to the plan. He learned years ago that he had to take care of himself, nobody else, especially his employer, was going to do it for him. I agree a 1% match isn’t much, but it’s something and it’s free. I suggested in 2007, he take care of himself by taking advantage of our company match.

401(k) contributions are deducted with pretax dollars. This means your contribution reduces taxable income, cuts your tax deduction which makes saving a little easier. For example, let’s say your weekly gross pay is 1,000 and you pay 30% in federal and state taxes. If you put 2% of your pay in a 401(k), you'd contribute $20 a week. But, your net paycheck would be reduced by only $14 a week.

Bottom line: Start taking care of yourself in 2007; make a contribution to your company's 401(k) plan that takes full advantage of your company match.